نشریه مطالعات فهم حدیث
پیاپی 1 (پاییز و زمستان 1393)

Narrations about Creation of Adam on “His Image” existed widely in the hadith sources for a long time have been as groundwork for theological challenges among different trend of Islamic world especially between traditionists and theologians. In the historical zone of these challenges, the feature of second and third centuries is that a long with the study of these kinds of narrations, valuable points about the mindset of the period of appearance of religions and Islamic studies and the quality of dialogue among guilds and clans have been achieved. The primary question of this study is that in the second and third centuries, how much the hadith scientists considered red line of the theologian regarding the accounting of narration about creation of Adam on “His Image? On the other hand, what was the evaluation of theologian in dealing with these hadiths regarding bailment of hadith scientist in their quoting? The method used in this study in dealing with the quoting of the hadith is text – document typology and in dealing with the way of its understanding is history of Idea.

The term "Abdāl" is one of the Islamic terms among Shiite and Sunnite works which have appeared in the tradition books and has been used by theologians since long ago. But what does this term mean? What are its instances? Is it a genuine Islamic term and does it really have foreign instances? What do Shiite and Sunnite people think about it? This article attempts to discover the exact meaning of the term "Abdāl" through library research and by inspection of related expression and narratives. It is noteworthy that this essay will not directly and completely inspect the basic roots and origins of this term and the reason of its entry into tradition and Islamic culture. There are some explicit and implicit hints to it through the presented subjects of discourse. Finally it reveals that this technical term is no precisely defined.

The Holy Prophet founded the recitation and inscription of the Holy Qur’an and also the education system of the Quran for better understanding the Quran. According to the occasion of issuance of Hadith "seven letters", the Holy Prophet, not only, approved the Recitations of the Quran due to seven Arabic accents and dialects of Muslims; he acclaimed spreading of the Quranic readings in three areas: morphology of the words, verses, and chapters. Morphologic reading of the Qur’an are symbols of generative and dynamic the language of the Qur’an; companions employed them by the verses or new structure retrieved from the language of the Qur’an. This article is based on this approach, the collection and compilation of the Quran organized in the prophetic period and that has been supervised by his holiness and his teachings. After the death of the Holy Prophet, when companions were aware of morphologic reading of the Qur’an, Umar Ibn al-Khattab proposed Abu-bakar to collect them, but at the same time, during his caliphate prevented the spread of this recitation. After him, Uthman Ibn Affan extirpated companion written text and booklet containing their recitation in Medina to remain the standard orthography and written text of the Quran.

The book ''Naqd Kotob Hadith" has been written by one of the contemporary scholar which the author has attempted to introduce fabricated Hadiths in Shiite narrative sources. This paper tries to show that not only some Hadiths which have been criticized and introduced as a fabricated Hadith are not faked Hadith and wrong but also the author has made mistake. The main important reason for this matter is inattention to the principles and methods of understanding of Hadith for explanation and interpretation of traditions. For example sometimes it has been attributed something to the Imams or Prophet which is not the what they have mean. Hence, at the result of this misunderstanding the meaning of Hadith will be in contrast to the Quran and certain Hadith. This article through some examples from the book clarifies that author of the book has not considered to the principles and rules of science of understanding of Hadith, and it is clear that this matter is serious and perilous.

There are many narratives in traditional and exegetical works about occasions of revelation of the Quran. Because of weakness of these kinds of narratives both in chain and text many of the scholars believe that their evaluation is necessary. There are some traditions regarding occasion of revelation of first twelve chapters of the thirties part of the Quran, but there is no any academic and scientific evaluation about them. That's way this research intends to do this necessity. This survey shows that there are some problems in the chin of these narrations such as break of the chain, weakness of the narrator, not attributing to the companions those were wetness the event directly, and so on. Regarding their text also there are many problems caused scholars dont rely on many of these kinds of narrations except Hadith of Imam Sādeq. Some of these problems are contrariness of the narratives to the context and style of the chapters of the Quran, confliction to the other verses of the Quran, contrariness to the narrations which express the order of the revelation, opposition to the certain history as well as Prophet's position, not simultaneity of the narratives and events with the time of revelation of the chapters, and at last existence of some disagreement among narrations. With the assumption of the authenticity of these narratives it can be said most of them are companion individual point of view.

Mulla Ali al-Qari is one of the most recent Sunni's scholars who have investigated faked hadiths in his book, al- Asrar al-Marfouaah Fi al-Akhbar al-Moudhoua. Significance of study about faked hadiths is that sometimes these kinds of hadiths cause invalidity of Islam. The reason why a critical review of such a book is significant is that he has analyzed and criticized reputed faked hadiths based on previous works in this regard, and in fact the author has profited from the earlier works and has examined fabricated traditions which are so famous among people. For receiving his intention, ha has utilized from some criteria such as attributing some things bad to the prophet, rejecting of hadith via intellectual evidences, experimental proofs, and so on. However, his criticism of some hadiths such as ''Ghadir's Hadith'' is incorrect. Since based on historical and rational reasons they are authentic and credible Hadiths. Hence, it is expected he criticize all hadith in a correct way.